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A One Dollar Project Using the Solaris Containers FeatureMohd Akhbar Jamaludin, June, 2005 ObjectiveThis document explains the use of the Solaris Containers feature found in the Solaris 10 Operating System. With this feature, you can segregate different tasks on the same machine so they operate as if they were on different systems. Demonstrating this feature can potentially encourage customer adoption. The target is to configure the Solaris 10 OS to have two zones: one running Oracle 10g database and the other with Apache Tomcat 5.5.4 application server accessing the Oracle 10g database. See how an Ultra 10 workstation is configured in the diagram below.
Project IngredientsHardware Sun Ultra 10 workstationSoftware
Knowledge Required Know how to install Apache Tomcat and Oracle database. Guides on installing Tomcat and Oracle are included with the installer, or they can be found at the Apache Software Foundation site and Oracle.com, respectively. Solaris Zone SetupConfiguration Hostname : ultra1 IP address : 192.168.51.210 CPU.share : 60% Zone name : tomcat Hostname : tomcat IP address : 192.168.51.199 CPU.share : 40% Stepstomcat Zone Creation
ultra1# mkdir /u1/ZONES/TOMCAT
ultra1# zonecfg -z tomcat
tomcat: No such zone configured
Use 'create' to begin configuring a new zone.
zonecfg:tomcat> create
zonecfg:tomcat > set zonepath= /u1/ZONES/TOMCAT
zonecfg:tomcat > add net
zonecfg:tomcat:net> set address=192.168.51.199
zonecfg:tomcat:net> set physical=hme0
zonecfg:tomcat:net> end
zonecfg:tomcat > set autoboot=true
zonecfg:tomcat > info
zonepath: /u1/ZONES/TOMCAT
autoboot: true
pool:
inherit-pkg-dir:
dir: /lib
inherit-pkg-dir:
dir: /platform
inherit-pkg-dir:
dir: /sbin
inherit-pkg-dir:
dir: /usr
net:
address: 192.168.51.199
physical: hme0
zonecfg:tomcat> commit
zonecfg:tomcat> exit
ultra1# zoneadm -z tomcat install
Successfully initialized zone <tomcat>.
ultra1# zoneadm list -cv
ID NAME STATUS PATH
0 global running /
- tomcat running /u1/ZONES/TOMCAT
ultra1# zoneadm -z tomcat boot
ultra1# zoneadm list -cv
ID NAME STATUS PATH
0 global running /
1 tomcat running /u1/ZONES/TOMCAT
Allocating 40% CPU.shares to tomcat Zone
ultra1# zonecfg -z tomcat
zonecfg:tomcat> add rctl
zonecfg:tomcat:rctl> set name=zone.cpu-shares
zonecfg:tomcat:rctl> set value=(priv=privileged,limit=40,action=none)
zonecfg:tomcat:rctl> end
zonecfg:tomcat> verify
zonecfg:tomcat> commit
zonecfg:tomcat> exit
ultra1# zoneadm -z myweb reboot
ultra1# prctl -i zone tomcat
zone: 1: tomcat
NAME PRIVILEGE VALUE FLAG ACTION RECIPIENT
zone.max-lwps
system 2.15G max deny -
zone.cpu-shares
privileged 40 - none -
system 65.5K max none -
Allocating 60% CPU.shares to global Zone
ultra1# prctl -r -n zone.cpu-shares -v 60 -i process $$
ultra1# prctl -i zone global
zone: 0: global
NAME PRIVILEGE VALUE FLAG ACTION RECIPIENT
zone.max-lwps
system 2.15G max deny -
zone.cpu-shares
privileged 60 - none -
system 65.5K max none -
I added these steps so that ultra1# cd /etc/init.d ultra1# vi zonesshares #!/sbin/sh /usr/bin/prctl -r -n zone.cpu-shares -v 60 -i process $$ exit 0 ultra1# ln -s /etc/init.d/cpushares /etc/rc3.d/S99cpushares Oracle 10g Setup - Global Zone
Oracle 10g installation was done using Verify database version and location:
# uname -a < hostname >
SunOS ultra1 5.10 s10_72 sun4u sparc SUNW,Ultra-5_10
# ifconfig hme0
hme0: flags=1000843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4> mtu 1500 index 2
inet 192.168.51.210 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.51.255
ether 8:0:20:fe:79:19
# su - oracle < switch to Oracle user >
Sun Microsystems Inc. SunOS 5.10 s10_72 December 2004
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus < verify Oracle version >
SQL*Plus: Release 10.1.0.2.0 - Production on Fri Dec 31 16:47:01 2004
Copyright (c) 1982, 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Enter user-name: pdata
Enter password:
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
Tomcat Installation - tomcat Zone
Tomcat 5.5.4 is installed in Verify Tomcat version and location: # zlogin -C tomcat < login to tomcat Zone > [Connected to zone 'tomcat' console] tomcat console login: root Password: Last login: Fri Dec 31 16:44:07 from 192.168.51.210 Dec 31 18:04:07 tomcat login: ROOT LOGIN /dev/console Sun Microsystems Inc. SunOS 5.10 s10_72 December 2004 # uname -a < hostname > SunOS tomcat 5.10 s10_72 sun4u sparc SUNW,Ultra-5_10 # $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh version < verify tomcat and java version > Using CATALINA_BASE: /u1/tomcat Using CATALINA_HOME: /u1/tomcat Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /u1/tomcat/temp Using JAVA_HOME: /usr/java Server version: Apache Tomcat/5.5.4 Server built: Oct 29 2004 03:09:54 Server number: 5.5.4.0 OS Name: SunOS OS Version: 5.10 Architecture: sparc JVM Version: 1.5.0_01-b05 JVM Vendor: Sun Microsystems Inc. Performance
Snapshot of running processes using < Global Zone > last pid: 2312; load averages: 0.06, 0.09, 0.08 11:51:12 82 processes: 79 sleeping, 1 running, 1 stopped, 1 on cpu CPU states: 98.0% idle, 0.4% user, 1.6% kernel, 0.0% iowait, 0.0% swap Memory: 1024M real, 495M free, 345M swap in use, 1477M swap free PID USERNAME LWP PRI NICE SIZE RES STATE TIME CPU COMMAND 2312 root 1 59 -20 3592K 2040K cpu 0:00 0.55% top 3 root 1 60 -20 0K 0K sleep 2:47 0.30% fsflush 923 root 40 59 0 118M 55M sleep 1:52 0.13% jsvc 884 oracle 1 59 0 188M 113M sleep 1:28 0.12% oracle 1289 root 8 59 0 93M 23M sleep 0:47 0.08% poold 892 oracle 1 59 0 188M 106M sleep 0:47 0.08% oracle 870 oracle 1 59 0 189M 105M sleep 0:49 0.07% oracle 878 oracle 11 59 0 190M 106M sleep 0:47 0.07% oracle 179 oracle 14 59 0 29M 11M sleep 0:54 0.06% ocssd.bin 894 oracle 11 59 0 196M 129M sleep 2:52 0.03% oracle 874 oracle 60 59 0 191M 107M sleep 0:21 0.02% oracle 890 oracle 1 59 0 192M 122M sleep 0:34 0.01% oracle 876 oracle 11 59 0 201M 106M sleep 0:10 0.01% oracle 15 root 12 59 0 6632K 3280K sleep 0:08 0.01% svc.startd 596 root 12 59 0 6032K 4736K sleep 0:07 0.01% svc.startd < tomcat Zone > load averages: 0.04, 0.03, 0.02 18:31:36 25 processes: 24 sleeping, 1 on cpu CPU states: 98.4% idle, 0.6% user, 1.0% kernel, 0.0% iowait, 0.0% swap Memory: 1024M real, 476M free, 361M swap in use, 1457M swap free PID USERNAME LWP PRI NICE SIZE RES STATE TIME CPU COMMAND 2931 root 1 59 0 3592K 1984K cpu 0:00 0.20% top 2926 root 1 59 0 1288K 1072K sleep 0:00 0.17% sh 923 root 40 59 0 118M 54M sleep 2:23 0.13% jsvc 2923 root 1 59 0 3440K 2160K sleep 0:00 0.09% in.telnetd 643 daemon 3 59 0 3928K 2056K sleep 0:00 0.09% kcfd 601 root 13 59 0 6384K 5424K sleep 0:13 0.04% svc.configd 705 root 4 59 0 4200K 3128K sleep 0:02 0.01% inetd 645 root 26 59 0 3848K 2920K sleep 0:04 0.01% nscd 596 root 12 59 0 6032K 4832K sleep 0:09 0.01% svc.startd 843 root 1 59 0 9176K 6008K sleep 0:01 0.00% snmpd 833 root 2 59 0 3560K 2216K sleep 0:00 0.00% snmpXdmid 832 root 1 59 0 2984K 1896K sleep 0:00 0.00% dmispd 701 root 3 59 0 5048K 1832K sleep 0:00 0.00% automountd 700 root 13 59 0 3528K 1648K sleep 0:00 0.00% syslogd 824 root 1 59 0 2344K 1512K sleep 0:00 0.00% snmpdx 2909 root 1 59 0 2072K 1360K sleep 0:00 0.00% ttymon 661 daemon 1 59 0 2576K 1296K sleep 0:00 0.00% rpcbind 702 root 1 59 0 2112K 1272K sleep 0:00 0.00% ttymon Benefits, Costs, and ConclusionsI must say that this project is not meant for production purposes, but more for development. The benefit of having this setup is that the development team will have their own test machine, in this case a JSP technology-based web application running on Apache Tomcat accessing an Oracle database. It's a project in a box and it's mobile in case you're presenting the project's progress or getting user feedback and requirements at a customer site. Cost is a point which all project managers or department managers look at very closely. The Ultra 10 workstation is not on the market anymore and most probably is on the company scrap-list or valued as a dollar in accounting terms. The Solaris OS is free for a single CPU machine (as far as I know). Most Oracle products are free for development purposes, while Apache Tomcat is already open source. So summing that all up, it's a one dollar cost for the project/setup (counting your Ultra 10 workstation, actually). Even the accounts managers will smile happily when they know the cost of this project. To summarize, the Solaris Containers feature allows you to contain two different applications in terms of CPU usage, which is 60 percent for the global zone running Oracle and 40 percent for Tomcat in this project. The hardware may not be ideal for production to run these two applications considering that the Ultra 10 workstation is already an End-of-Life workstation. However, this does not make it obsolete as it can be used creatively for development purposes or as a demo unit where the total users are around 10 to 20 people. And did I mention the cost is only one dollar? About the AuthorMohd Akhbar Jamaludin is an application developer at Kolej Universiti Tun Hussein Onn (KUiTTHO). He has been familiar with the Solaris OS since 1996. Previously, he was a system administrator at Fujitsu Component Malaysia (FCM), before joining KUiTTHO.
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