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使用 Solaris 作業系統中的 Flash 歸檔進行嚴重損壞回復,第 3 部分

Joseph Gan,2006 年 3 月

我在使用 Solaris 作業系統中的 Flash 歸檔進行嚴重損壞回復,第 2 部分一文中曾經提到,主要伺服器與回復伺服器必須要有相同或更新的 Solaris 作業系統基本支援版本。這一點日益重要,因為目前有許多新型 Sun 機器可供選擇,而 Sun 對於許多舊型機器已不再提供支援。

例如,若某部舊型 Sun Enterprise 伺服器因嚴重損壞而損毀,替代伺服器就不大可能是相同的型號。即使您有保存良好的歸檔影像,也可能派不上用場,因為新伺服器所需的作業系統修訂高於舊伺服器。即使兩部機器的架構相同,仍是如此。

解決此問題的其中一種方法,就是持續升級主機器上的作業系統。但是,升級伺服器不但需花時間準備,也會導致停機時間很長。而且在作業系統升級後,您可能必須重新套用許多第三方套裝軟體、選擇性產品、內部安全性設定、程序檔與配置。凡此種種都需要大量資源。

使用 Solaris Live Upgrade 功能不但可在線上進行作業系統升級而縮短系統停機時間,亦可支援「中間版本」升級。以 Solaris 8 作業系統為例,您可以從某個修訂版 (Solaris 8 作業系統 02/02) 即時升級至另一個修訂版 (Solaris 8 作業系統 02/04);同樣地,在 Solaris 9 作業系統中,您也可以從某個修訂版升級至另一個修訂版,依此類推。在此之後,您可以利用此功能支援不同伺服器平台之間的嚴重損壞回復作業。

但是,Solaris Live Upgrade 技術不支援將作業系統升級至不同的軟體群組。例如,若主機器的作業系統是以群組發行軟體的形式進行安裝,則在升級後,作業系統仍為群組發行軟體的形式。這表示它可能不支援回復至其他較新的平台。

若您遇到前述狀況,使用 Solaris 作業系統安裝 CD 或 DVD 進行作業系統升級將是您唯一的選擇。您可以使用此方法,一併將主機器的作業系統升級至最新的「中間版本」,以及將軟體群組升級為「完整的分發 + OEM」,以支援嚴重損壞回復。

以 Solaris 8 作業系統為例,原始主機器所安裝的是具有「完整的分發」軟體群組的 Solaris 8 作業系統修訂版 02/02,而升級至具有「完整的分發 + OEM」軟體群組的 Solaris 8 作業系統修訂版 02/04。其中採用下列步驟:

從 Solaris 8 (02/04) 軟體 CD 1 (共 2 片) 開機。

   ok boot cdrom

   Select Language: 0 (English)
   Select Locale: 2 (Australia)

   Welcome screen
     continue, help
   Identify this system
     continue, help
   Networked
     yes, no
     continue, help
   Use DHCP
     yes, no
     continue, help
   Host name
     hostname
     continue, help
   IP address
     xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.xxxx
     continue, help
   Enable IPv6
     yes, no
     continue, help
   Confirm
     continue, change, help
   Configure Kerberos Security
     yes, no
     continue, help
   Confirm
     continue, change, help
   Name service
     NIS+, NIS, Other, None
     continue, help
   Confirm
     continue, change, help
   Part of subnet
     yes, no
     continue, help
   Netmask
     xxx.xxx.xxx.0
     continue, help
   Time zone specified by
     Geographic Region, Offset from GMT, Timezone File
     set..., help
   Geographic Region
     <list of regions>, <list of timezones> Australia/NSW
     continue, cancel, help
   Date and time
     2005, <month>, <day>, <hour>, <minute>
     continue, help
   Confirm
     continue, change, help
   Install Solaris - Initial
     continue, exit, help
   Upgrade?
     upgrade, initial, exit, help
    Software
      entire+OEM, entire, developer, end user, core
      continue, go back, customize, exit, help
    Disks to install Solaris on
      <list of available disks>, <list of selected disks>
      continue, go back, exit, help
    Preserve data
      continue, go back, preserve..., exit, help
    Auto layout file systems
      auto-layout, go back, manual layout, exit, help
   File system and disk layout
     <disks listed>
     continue, go back, customize..., exit, help
   Mount remote file systems
     continue, go back, remote mounts..., exit, help
   Profile
     begin install, change, exit, help
   OK to reboot after install
     reboot, no

   Enter root password

插入第二片 CD (Solaris 8 軟體 CD 2),並繼續安裝作業。

安裝完成後,您的機器即支援嚴重損壞回復備份作業。

注意:您不可變更基本系統標識,如主機名稱或 IP 位址。若加以變更,安裝可能會失敗。

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