Shaping Information Models for the future: Stanford's Digital Library project

Michael KellerMichael Keller, University Librarian and Director of Academic Resources at Stanford University, is collaborating with a diverse group of librarians, scholars, professional programmers, and systems integrators to redefine and simplify access to vast repositories of information. Emerging technologies and the world of e-publications, digital libraries, electronic records, search systems and remote access have wrought profound changes to research and scholarship. In Keller's view, academic libraries such as Stanford's must play an active role in order to shape information models and tools and ensure choice and integrity.

Despite the tumultuous issues that will bear on libraries of the future, Keller and colleagues adhere to a couple of very simple ideas that inspire their vision. First, "is the recognition that there are technologies and connections that make life of scholars and students easier". And, secondly, "we need to use these technologies to adapt and adopt good work that has been done elsewhere to make readers, our users, more powerful”.

Keller must leverage his limited resources--a small staff and limited investment--through the development of innovative and entrepreneurial projects such as HighWire Press, an electronic delivery service of a large number of scientific journals. CourseWork, an Open Source course management system based at Stanford University and developed by Academic Computing in the Stanford University Libraries and Academic Information Resources.

Such projects and the intricate components of their architecture highlight the importance of Stanford’s relationship with industry partners such as Sun Microsystems. “We are not messianic about Open Source, because we also try to adapt and adopt commercially developed software and systems that we can fit together--perhaps with Open Source or perhaps not—like the use we have made of Sun hardware and the Solaris operating system at HighWire. During a recent systems failure at HighWire, Sun sent out several engineers and the system was back up and running in a few hours. Had we been there only with Open Source, we would have been dead in the water for maybe days.”

One of Keller’s most important priorities is DODL, Distributed Open Digital Library, a project of the Digital Library Federation, which will make more holdings of major research libraries mutually accessible in an online, collaborative digital library. While he acknowledges collaboration with other universities, institutions and corporations is essential, he is cautious about the way in which he shares Stanford’s resources. “Yes we do collaborate, we do consult and share, but, we are careful to invest our resources in efforts that will yield results for our readers and users.”

CollaborationOne of the latest and most exciting collaborations is Sakai in which the University of Michigan, Indiana University, MIT, Stanford, the uPortal Consortium, and the Open Knowledge Initiative (OKI) are joining forces to integrate and synchronize their considerable educational software into a modular, pre-integrated collection of open source tools. The result of this collaboration will be an open and extensible architecture that specifies how the components of an educational software environment communicate with each other and with other enterprise systems. Sakai, advancing the model started by OKI, provides a modular development platform for building both traditional and innovative applications while leveraging existing and future infrastructure technologies.

Preservation is another issues that is extremely important to Keller and partners. Books, journals and other research materials in digital form are great for access but inferior to paper for preservation. Without better preservation methods, problems with unstable media, system obsolescence, format proliferation, and Web site abandonment could jeopardize the future usefulness of the wealth of digital resources now being created and widely used in colleges and universities. To answer these needs, Keller is initiating a centralized archival strategy, the Stanford Digital Repository, as well as a decentralized system called LOCKSS (Lots of Copies Keeps Stuff Safe). LOCKSS creates low-cost, persistent digital "caches" of authoritative versions of http-delivered content. The open-source LOCKSS software enables institutions to locally collect, store, preserve, and archive authorized content thus safeguarding their community's access to that content.

While Keller realizes it takes clear evangelism to promote his projects, the models and prototypes he and his partners have developed are bound to a very pragmatic approach. “Take this evangelism, coupled with models and prototypes and the facts, and you got some powerful arguments for people to shift their thinking.” But, he cautions that over-reliance on standards-based models can be problematic, “The difficulty with standards is they take a long time to get developed and the rate of change in our industry is moving too fast. You get bogged down and trapped by the past and this makes it hard to invent the future.” Keller clearly favors a more dynamic, evolutionary, approach.

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